Use of Agricultural Waste (Tea Waste, Sugarcane Bagasse or Coconut Husk) as Biosorbents for Dye Removal

Abstract

Because of their toxicity, durability, and resistance to biodegradation, the growing discharge of industrial effluents containing dyes constitutes a serious hazard to the environment. For total color removal, conventional wastewater treatment methods are frequently expensive and ineffective. Agricultural wastes including coconut husk, sugarcane bagasse, and tea waste have become affordable, sustainable biosorbents for dye removal in recent years. These materials are abundant in functional groups, lignocellulosic components, and porous shapes that aid in adsorption. The adsorption potential of a few agricultural wastes is reviewed in this work, with a focus on the impact of physicochemical factors including pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The findings show that under ideal circumstances, biosorption employing agricultural leftovers can reach dye removal efficiencies greater than 80–95%. The study emphasizes the potential of agro-waste-based biosorbents as scalable, economical, and environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional adsorbents like activated carbon.