A Review Study on Fungal Diseases of Papaya and Their Physiological Aspects

Abstract

A tropical fruit crop with significant economic value, papaya (Carica papaya L.) is grown all over the world. However, a number of fungal infections that lower yield, fruit quality, and marketability seriously impair its production. Both the pre-harvest and post-harvest phases are greatly impacted by major fungal diseases such anthracnose, powdery mildew, black spot, stem-end rot, and Phytophthora rot. In addition to producing obvious symptoms, many infections produce intricate physiological alterations in their host plants, such as interference with respiration, photosynthesis, water balance, and metabolic functions. The main fungal infections that damage papaya, their symptoms, infection processes, and physiological effects on host plants are compiled in this article. It also covers developments in host-pathogen interactions, disease detection, and management techniques. Developing sustainable disease management strategies and increasing papaya output require an understanding of the physiological changes brought on by fungal diseases.