Plant-Based Foods Vs. Animal-Based Foods: A Comprehensive Review on Their Impacts on Human Health

Abstract

Human diets are broadly classified into plant-based and animal-based categories, each offering distinct nutritional and health implications. The debate over which type of diet is more beneficial for human health has gained significant attention in recent years due to the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, lifestyle disorders, and environmental concerns. Plant-based diets emphasize fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, and nuts, rich in fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and phytochemicals that promote longevity and reduce disease risk. In contrast, animal-based diets are dense in protein, essential amino acids, vitamin B12, and omega-3 fatty acids, but excessive consumption has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers. This review aims to compare the nutritional, physiological, and epidemiological impacts of plant and animal food consumption on human health, highlighting the balance required between the two for optimal well-being.